Apparatus for raising or forcing liquids.



H. A. HUMPHREY.

APPARATUS FOR RAISING 0R FORCING LIQUIDS- APPLICATION HLED FEB- 12.1910. RENEWED FEB. 9.1911.

3 SHEEIS-SHEET I.

Patented May 14, 1918.

H. A; HUMPHREY.

APPARATUS FOR RAISING 0R FORCING LIQUIDS. APPLICATION FILED FEB. I2.1910. RENEWED FEB. 9,1917.

1,265,784. Patented Mayl l, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

H.,A. HUMPHREY.

APPARATUS FOR RAISING 0R FORClNG LIQUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 12. 1910. RENEWED FEB. 9.1917.

1 ,265,784. Patented May 14, 1918.

3 SHEEISSHEET 3- HERBERT ALFRED HUMPHREY, OF WESTMINSTER, LONDON,ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO HUMPHREY GAS PUMP COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEWYORK.

APPARATUS FOR RAISING 0R FOBCING LIQUIDS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 14, 1918.

Original application filed June 13, 1908, Serial No. 438,427. Dividedand this application filed February 12,

1910, Serial No. 543,533. Renewed February 9, 1917. Serial No. 147,721.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known. that I, HERBERT ALFRED HUMPHREY, a subject of the King ofGreat Britain, residing at 38 Victoria street, \Vestminster, in thecounty of London, England, consulting engineer, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Raising or Forcing Liquids,of which the following is a specification.

In my copending application No. 438427, filed June 13, 1908, resultingin Patent No. 1,085,865, dated Feb. 3, 1914, of which this forms adivision, I have described a method of and apparatus for raising andforcing liquid, wherein a column of liquid is propelled outwardly from acombustion chamber bythe energy of expansion of an ignited combustiblecharge, and in which a column of liquid flows inwardly toward thecombustion chamber to expel products of combustion therefrom and tocompress a fresh combustible charge in a second combustion chamber.

This invention also comprises improvements in valve gearing suitable forapparatus operated according to the -method referred to. and will bedescribed with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings inwhich Figure 1 is a part vertical section of such apparatus with valvegearing, according to this invention, controlled by the liquid inletvalve of the apparatus: Fig. 2 is a similar view to Fig. 1 and shows thevalve gearing in a simplified form resulting from the omission of thatpart of the gear which is controlled by the liquid supply valve; Fig. 2is a sectional elevation of the head of the combustion chamber showingadditional locking gear applicable to Figs. 1 and 2: Figs. 3 and 4 arerespectively a detail section and plan view of a switch shown in Fig. 2:Fig. 5 is a vertical section of the head of an apparatus similar to thatin Fig. 1 but with another modified form of valve gearing, and Fig. 6 isa diagram of the ignition circuit and switch as applied to apparatusillustrated in Fig. 1.

In Fig. 1, 1 and 2 are combustion chambers shown broken across and muchshortened vertically so as to permit the working parts to be drawn to alarge scale. The combustion chambers communicate at their lower partwith a supply pipe 3 and a discharge pipe 4, the latter being continuedto a place of higher level or higher pressure. At the upper part of thecombustion chambers are fitted admission valves 5 and 6 and exhaustvalves 7 and 8, two other valves 9 and 10 are also shown below valves 5and 6, the purpose of which will be explained later. The seatings ofvalves 7, 8, 9 and 10 are shown projecting some distance into the upperpart of the combustion chambers with the object of forming a space inthe latter in which an elastic cushion can be compressed to preventshock from liquid which rises in the chambers striking the top of thechambers, and for other purposes presently explained.

The exhaust valves 7 and 8 in the pres-. ent example open under theaction of their serve to limit their motion. On the valve stems arecollars 13 and 14, and on the valve plugs are mounted pawls 15 and 16own weight, and light springs 11 and 12 turning about pivots 17 and 18and capable of engaging under the collars so as normally to keep theexhaust valves closed. The admission valves 5 and 6, for combustiblemixture, open against the action of light springs 19 and 20 which closethe valve when the difierence of pressure on the two sides of the valvebecomes small enough. Admission valve 5 carries on its stem 2. fixedcollar 21 and a pin 43, the former being constructed to engage withpawls 41 and 51 at certain parts of the cycle;.the pin engages with oneend of bell crank 23. Similarlyvalve 6 has on its stem a collar 22capable of engaging with pawls 42 and 52, and

'also carries a pin 44 which engages with one that the inlet valve ofchamber 1 releases the exhaust valve of chamber 2, and in a similarmanner the inlet valve of chamber 2 controls the exhaust valve ofchamber 1.

Rod 28 carries a fixed collar 45, a spring 46, and a loose collar 47,and rod 27 caru corresponding set it, ill end A linlt 53 connects 51 end52 end is of such length that the owls cennot be engaged siinultoneouslywith the collars 2l-encl 22 respectively. Lint: 58 carries two pins 55end 56 capable of engnging with collars t? end 50 respectively in such ethat the movements of rods 2? end 28 may be utilised to move the link 53end osvvls 51 end 52.

Attached to the stem oi liquid supply valve 82 is o. svvivel 38 to whichis fastened a rod 3% etteched to hell crenlr 35 turning about ivot 36.This bell crenh has u goin end slot connection 37 with nod 38, the otherend of which is pivoted st 39 to end connection is carried to the pawlll by means of soother rod 59 pivoted 39 end 40. The length of rod 59 issuch that bowls t1 end 4-2 may not be simultaneously engaged under thecollars 2i and 22. Thus, when liquid sup-bly valve 32 opens rod 3 lisdrown clovvnvverd end petvls ll and l2 are moved to the right leavingedniission valve i'ree to open which is not otherwise kept shut by oneof the owls attached to linlt 53.

'lhe action of the is es fob lower-ll; is assumed that all the valvesare in the position shown, th-st o. corogpr sse combustible charge is inthe upper goortion of chamber 2, end that liquid the vvhole of chamber 1except for e specs in the top thereof which contains e. compressedelastic cushion. lgnition novv occurs chamber. 2 end for this purpose itsparking plug 22 is provided in o recess in the edrois sion volve'cestin Combustion starts in this recess and spreeds pest volve l so thevvhole combustible charge is fired. The rise of pressure drives theliquid in combustion chamber 2 downward and outward irons. thecombustion chamber along the discharge pipe. the the tvvo chamberscommunicate the increesed pressure oi the liquid in chember 2 istransmitted to the liquid in chemb-er' l and the elastic cushion in thetop of chord her 1 is further compressed. As the expansion in chamber 2continues tovvorcl utmosoheric pressure s, moment arrives when the pressre of the liquid ebove and belovv valve 32 is the some, and lurtherexpansion causes this valve to open so that liquid from the supply tankBl (Fig. 2) flows into the opporotus to lollovv the liquid moving in thedischarge 'nipe. The movement oi valve 32 releases pevrl ll from undercollar 21 on the stein of udrnission valve 5. At this time the level ofliquid in chamber 2 is lower then the liquidin chamber-1 end thepressure in chember2 cannot support the liquid in che ber 1 so thet edovvnvvord motion of the liquid in chamber 1 occurs, drevvingiu 2tlresli coinbustible chorge through the inlet valve end past valve 9, theletter opening outemeticelly under its ovrn Weight as soon the pressurein chamber l is relieved. Volvo o spring it when the chorus been topermit e. considerable portion oi the ener y of combustion to betransformed into Zinetic energy of the outwardly moving column of liquidin the discharge "pipe, this colunni continues to move tovverd the pieceot higher level or pressure tor some time otter the pressure in thecombustion cboinbei" has fallen thet re resented by the heed orqoressureto ch t e liquid is ruined so that eupnnsion'mey be curried toethicspheric pressure. en odinission valve 5 opened to the lreshcombustible cherge into cheinberl the valve in cheniber 2 released in o.elreedy described,

consequently "when the piessure ct expansion i is low enough in chamber2 valve 8 opens end some of liquid cm the supply is free to rise inchamber 2 end expel burnt products through the exhoust valve 8,

Thecyole has new arrived ut the oint.

in churnber 1 there is it fresh minibustiole charge, the inlet valve 5end the enhnust velve '2' ere shut, and the valve 9 is open. ln chamber2 there are some products of combustion in the. upper portion oi thechenriber liquid in the lovver portion of the chamber, the inlet velve bis shut, but the enhnust'velve 8 (which opened before volve 5 closed}and valve 10 ore open.

The outward Flow oi liquid in the discharge pipe noving ceased, aninwardly moving colunin of liquid commences to flow under the ectionoiits bend or pressure. Liquid inlet valve 32 shuts outouieticolly, endthe inflowing liquid tends to rise in both chambers but as there is sfree outlet for the burnt gases from the top of choniber 2 While thereis no outlet for the combustible charge in chamber 1 the returning"liquid rises st first only slowly in chamber} and more quicmy in chamber2. When the rising liquid strikes valve 10 and exhaust valve 8 itshutsthese valves. Exhaust valve 8 is locked by moons of pevvl dischevge pipebeing suficiently long ill) 16 "which is pulled into position to engege1 under collar it by spring 58 and valve lo is. held up by the pressureoi the. rising liquid which compresses the elastic cushion, in this caseconsisting of u portion of the burnt products inclosed in the top of thecheinber. This elastic cushion will expand again to some extent and thepressure will tell somewhat, but neither valve 6 nor valve 8 "will openbecause the former hes been loclred by pawl l2 which returned to theposition shown When volve 32 closed, end

valve 8 is locked by pawl lb. The flovv oil liquid into chamber 2 havingbeen checked, the liquid novv rises further in chamber 1, compressingthecombustible ohorge therein until the lnnetic energy of the column ofliquid is expendeclond the liquid brought 7 tion- .to spring 58.

to rest, having stored energy in the compressed combustible charge andthe com pressed elastic cushion. As the volume of the compressedcombustible charge is such that the level of liquid in chamber 1 doesnot reach valve 9, this valve remains open and ignition now occurs bymeans of a sparking plug 30, and the cycle described commences afreshwith the difference that this time the functions of the respectivechambers are reversed.

When valve 5 opened and its pin 43 moved b ell crank 23, releasing theexhaust valve on chamber 2, collar on rod 27 engaged pin 56 on link 53,thus moving this link to the left and compressing spring 49. As valve 5shuts before valve 8 the collar 14 engaging against the side of pawl 16keeps rod 27 sufiiciently toward the leftv while valve 5 shuts, and thenlink 53 completes its movement causing pawl 51 to engage under collar21, thus lockin valve 5 and at the same time releasing paw 52 from undercollar 22. Either of the positions of link 53 is rendered stable. byspring 54, which tends to keep link 53 in its lowest positions. Thespring 57 has a similar func- These various movements are. for thepurpose of bringing all the valve gear into the right position forstarting the new cycle as mentioned above.

In order that ignition may' occur alternately in the two chambers, themovement of link 53 may be utilized to operate a switch, so that whenlink 53 is to the right ignition plug 29 is in circuit, and when thelink is to the leftjignition plug 30 is in circuit. See Fig. 6.

Fig. 2 shows the apparatus in a somewhat simplified form resultingfromthe omission of that part of the valve gear which is controlled from theliquid supply valve 32 together with link 53 and pawls 51 and 52 shownon Fig. 1, and the action of the apparatus with the simplified gearingwill now be described As before, it is assumed that the valves 6 are inthe position shown and that ignition through valves 5 and 9.v When theout-' wardly moving column of liquid comes to rest and the inward flowof liquid com mences, liquid from the supply tank 31 has risen inchamber 2 and valve 32'has' shut again. The inwardly moving liquid nowrises in chamber 2 expelling the products of combustion through valve 8which was released by'the opening of valve 5, by the action of pin- 43,bell crank 23 and link 27 y asin the case of Fig. 1. On arriving .valves8 and 10 the liquid shuts them by impact. Valve 8 is at once locked bypawl 16, but in this construction there is no pawl to lock admissionlvalve 6, consequently, when the products of combustion remaining in thetop of chamber 2 are compressed by the rising liquid after valves 8 and10. are shut, and then these products forming the elastic cushion expandimparting momentum to the liquid so that it falls below the levelcorresponding with atmospheric pressure, combustible mixture is drawninto chamber 2 through valves 6 and 10, both of these valves beingopened by the suction. The opening of valve 6 releases pawl 15 fromunder collar 13 on exhaust valve 7, but as the inwardly flowing columnof liquid is already compressing the combustible charge in chamber 1valve 7 .does not open and when valve 6 shuts again pawl 15 againengages under collar 13 and the inwardly flowing liquid now rises inboth chambers until maximum compression has been attained in chamber 1and a fresh cycle is started by the sparking at plug 30 producingignition. The increased pressure produced by combustion propels theliquid from chamber 1 and causes further compression .of the gaseouscontents of chamber 2, and the energy stored in both chambers is thenutilized in the outward propulsion of liquid. When expansion hasproceeded far enough in chamber 1 the quantity of combustible mixture tomake up the re quired charge is drawn into chamber 2 through valve 6,-and the movement of valve '6. withdraws pawl 15 from under collar '13nately in the two chambers there is shown in the case just described aswitch 60 capable of being turned into two positions by projections 61and 62 attached to rods 28 and 27, adapted to engage against switch arms64 and 65. Details of the switch are shown in Figs. 3 and 4. There arefour spring contact pieces in two pairs, 67 and 68 constitutin one pairand 69 and 70 the other pair. v hese contact pieces of conductingmaterial are insulated from one another and are so spaced that the twopieces forming one pair may be bridged by a metal tongue 66 carried byswitch arm 63 rotating about pivot 71. In Fig. 4 where the parts aredrawn in plan, the metal tongue 66 is in a central position and does notmake electrical contact with any of the contact pieces, but a smallmovement in either direction closes the circuit between 67 and 68 orbetween 69 and 70, thus determining such as thet described in my epplico tion No. one i, opecetes the switch which times the ibnition.

It is sometimes desirehle-to prevent the opening of the edncission velvein that chemh er in which the coinpressed elestic cushion hes justlyexpended without having resource to any mechanism actuated by the liquidsupply valve 32. ln this case advantage may be taken of the feet thatwhen the elastic cushion expands in one chamber there is already a,pressure in the other chamber set up by the returning mess otliquidwhich is flowing inwardly to compress the coin bustible charge. For thispurpose there are fitted in the castings l2 which close the tops of thechambers two double seated piston valves ?3 end i l, as shown in l 'ig.2 where both the valves ere against their top costings. @n the stems ofthese valves are pins end it engaging with the forked arms of hellcranks 77 end 78 rototing about pivots 79, 80 and connected with rods 81and 82 pivoted to po '13 all end 83 respectively, The weight of themoving parts may be so balanced that with e slight en cess of pressurein chambers l and E2 shove atmosphere piston-valves l3 end 7 ltelze upthe position shown, but when the pressure inside the chambers fallsapproximately to that of the atmosphere pistonvalves ?8 end 74 fell totheii lower sects, thus actuating the bell cranks '2"? end l8 and movingrods 81 82 to release pswls 8% end 83 ivoni under the collars end 21 onthe stems of the admission valves. it will thus be seen thet theadmission valve 5 on chamber 1 cannot open when the pres sure in chamber2 exceeds the pressure at which piston velve 'l' l is adjusted to moveagainst its upper sent, and consequently there can be no admissionthrough valve 5 except at the end of the working stroke in chamber 2.The valve 6 on chamber 2 is similarly controlled by piston valve ?'3 onchamber 1. This arrangement as described in connection with Fig. 2* canbe fitted in conjunction with other valve goers described in thisspecificeton in substitution for those ports of such gears that are forthe purpose of preventing the combustible inlet valves from openingunder suction at any time during the cycle except when there is suctionupon one of the inlet valves in conjunctionv with low liquid pressure inthe combustion chembers.

- ln epplicction l lo. 438%25 there has been described evolve mechanismin which the admission end exhaust valves mutuelly control one another,and the gear has been illustrated in reference to Fig. 2 therein.

The same type of gear is opp-liceble to the present invention but it ispre ersble to con :11 i,eec, v

the action will the two pewls 85 end 86 by on eddi= tionel linl: 93 asshown in Fig. 5 oi the se-= compsnying drawings. These pswls engsge withsellers 21 end soon the stems of niission valves 5 and 6 respectively.In starting the opperetus it is necessary to see that thepewls are intheir correct position eccording' to which chumber is to produce thefirst workinc' stroke, and then afterward addition of link 93 the gearattached to the admission and exhaust valves of chamber it operates asfollows-- Adinission valve-5 opens under suction, ondin closing underthe action of a spring, releases the exhaust valve '2, which is thentree to open when the pressure witlnn the combustion Cllitl'llbfi fallsto a, suitable extent, The exhaust valve 'Z' is shut by inipect oiliquid upon it and in closing releases the admission valve 5, and thevalves on shutting are locked until released storeseidu The valve gearattached to chamber 2 acts in at similar manner.

e chief object in connecting together the two pewls 85 end 86 by link 93is to allow only one odmission Valve to open at s time. The operation ofthe gear just described is somewhat modified by the introduction of thislink in that it prevents the pawl attached to the admission valve on onechamber from engaging under the coller on the stem of this valve untilthe pswl controlling the opening of the exhaust valve on the otherchamber engages under the coller etteched to the stem of the lastmentioned valve, and this action occurs when this valve shuts; Toprevent the admission velves opening when the expansion of the elasticcushion occurs two additional pewls 4-1 and d2, engaging under thecallers oi the admission valves 5 and 6, may be added and operated bythe link 59, slotted rod 38, bell crank 35, and rod 8% as explained withreference to 1, these parts being moved by the liquid supply valve. Thearrangement described in connection with Fig. 5 is also applicable tothis case.

it will be necessary, as in the previous enemplee, so to arrange theelectrical ignition circuits that it is only possible to obtain sperlzsst ignition plug 29 when there is e combustible charge in chamber 2, orsparks ct ignition plug 80 when there is e combustible charge inchamber 1. ln the present example this is provided "for by fitting link93 with a projection 94 cepable oi inching e automatic. Without theelectric contact between a central contact sets of ignition oppsrstns 9iand 92, the l ignition plug 30 being electrically connected with 91, andsimilarly plug 29 with 92. This arrangement secures that when a chargeis introduced into one chamber the ignition apparatus connected withthis chamber is operative and the other ignition apparatus isinoperative, the movement of link 93 making the required changes for thealternate ignition in the two chambers.

Having thus described the nature of my said invention and the best meansI know of carrying the same into practical effect, I claim v 1. Inapparatus for raising or forcing liquid having two combustion chamberseach fitted with an admission valve for combustible mixture and anexhaust valve for burnt products, and a play pipe having free anduninterrupted communication with. said combustion chambers wherein acolumn of liquid of suflicient bulk and path of travel to acquire usefulmomentum is propelled outwardly by the energy of expansion of an ignitedcombustible charge and a column of liquid flows inwardly toward thechambers to expel burnt products from one chamber and compress a freshcombustible charge in another chamber, and means whereby the admissionvalve in each chamber controls the exhaust valve in the other chamber.

2. In apparatus for raising orforcing liquid having two combustionchambers each fitted with an admission valve for combustible mixture andan exhaust valve for burnt products, and a liquid supply valve, and aplay pipe having free and uninterrupted communication with saidcombustion chambers wherein a column of liquid of suficient bulk andpath of travel to acquire useful momentum is propelled outwardly by theenergy of expansion of an ignited combustible charge and a column ofliquid flowsinwardly toward the chambers to expel burnt products fromone chamber and comprem a fresh combustible charge in another chamber,means whereby the admission valve in each chamber controls the exhaustvalve in the other chamber, and means hereby the liquid supply valvecontrols the said admission valves.

3. In apparatus for raising or forcing liquid having two combustionchambers each fitted with an admission valve for combustible mixture andan exhaust valve for burnt products, and ignition circuits for causingignition in the chambers, and wherein a column of liquid is propelledoutwardly by the energy of expansion of an ignited combustible chargeand a column of liquid flows inwardly toward the chambers to expel burntproducts from one chamber and compress a fresh combustible charge inanother chamber, mechanism whereby the admission valve in each chambercontrolsthe exhaust valve in the other chamber and means whereby thesaid mechanism also controls the ignition circuits for causing ignitionin the chambers in turn.

4. In apparatus for raising or forcing liquid having a liquid supplyvalve, two combustion chambers each fitted with an admission valve forcombustible mixture and an exhaust valve for burnt products, andignition circuits for causing ignition in the chambers, and wherein "acolumn of liquid is propelled outwardly by the energy of expansion of anignited combustible charge and a column of liquid flows inwardly towardthe chambers to expel burnt products from one chamber and compress afresh combustible charge in another chamber, mechanism whereby theadmission valve of each chamber controls the exhaust valve of the otherchamber, means whereby the said mechanism also controls the ignitioncircuits for causing ignition in the chambers in turn, and is itselfcontrolled by the liquid supply valve.

5. In apparatus for raising or forcing liquid having two combustionchambers each fitted with an admission valve for combustible mixture anda cooperating exhaust valve for burnt products, and wherein a column ofliquid is propelled outwardly by the energy of expansion of an ignitedcombustible charge and a column of-liquid' flows inwardly toward thechambers to expel burnt products from one chamber and compress a freshcombustible charge in another chamber, means whereby the admission valvein each combustion chamber opens under suction and in automaticallyclosing releases the cooperating exhaust valve which exhaust valve isthen free to open when the ressure within its combustion chamber hasallen to a suitable extent, and is adapted to be shut by impact ofliquid and in closing to release the cooperating admission valve, andmeans whereby each valve on shutting is locked until released asaforesaid.

6. In apparatus for raising or forcing liquid having two combustionchambers each fitted with an admission valve for combus tible mixtureand an exhaust valve for burnt products, and a play pipe having free anduninterrupted communication with said combustion chambers wherein acolumn of liquid of suflicient bulk and path of travel to acquire usefulmomentum is propelled outwardly by the energy of expansion of an ignitedcombustible charge and a column of liquid flows inwardly toward thechambers to expel burnt products from one chamber and compress a freshcombustible charge in another chamber, and means adapted to prevent thetwo admission valves being opened simultaneously.

7. In apparatus for raising or forcing liquid havmg two combustionchambers eac fitted with an admission valve for combustiand, ignitingmeans in said combustion chamber, the parts arranged and controlledwhereby liquid is reciprocated freely in the play pipe, certainmovements in the reciprocation being dueto the expansive force wherebyfresh liquid and fresh expansible charges are entrained and whereby theflow of the liquid into said chambers at each cycle to expel burntproducts from one chamber and to compress a fresh charge in the otherchamber.

15. Apparatus for utilizing .an expansive force, consisting of a playpipe, a plurality of expansion chambers having free and uninterruptedcommunication with the play pipe, and said chambers having suitableinlet and outlet valves and suitable control therefor, and also ignitingmeans whereby liquid is freely reciprocated in the play pipe, certainmovements thereof being due to the expansive force and the momentum ofthe liquid is utilized in storing energy in expelling burnt productsfrom one chamber and entraining and compressing a fresh charge inanother chamber at each cycle.

16. The combination of a play pipe for the reciprocation of a body ofliquid of sufficient bulk and path of travel to enable it to acquireuseful momentum, a plurality of expansion chambers in free communicationwith the play pipe and having intake and discharge valves as means forcausing an outstroke of the liquid by the force of an expansible chargein an expansion chamber and means for utilizing the kinetic energy ofthe outstroke to introduce a fresh expan sible charge.

17. The combination of a play pipe for the reciprocation of a body ofliquid of sufficient bulk and path of travel to enable it to acquireuseful momentum, a plurality of expansion chambers in free communicationwith the play pipe and having intake and discharge valves as' means forcausing an outstroke of the liquid by. the force of an expansible chargein an expansion chamber and means for utilizing the kinetic energy of areturn stroke to expel burnt products from one chamber and to compress afresh expansible charge in another chamber in the same cycle 18. Thecombination of a play pipe for the reciprocation of a body of liquid ofsufficient bulk and path of travel to enable it to acquire usefulmomentum, a plurality of expansion chambers in free communication withthe play pipe and having intake and discharge valves as means forcausing an outstroke of the liquid by the force of an expansible chargein an expansion chamber and means for utilizing the kinetic energy ofthe outstroke to introduce a fresh expansible charge and the kineticenergy of the return stroke to exhaust one chamber and to compress afresh expansible charge in another chamber in the same cycle.

19. The combination of a play pipe for the reciprocation of a body ofliquid of sufficient bulk and path of travel to enable it to acquireuseful momentum, a plurality of expansion chambers in free communicationtherewith and having intake and discharge valves as means for causing anoutstroke by the force of an expansible charge in an expansion chamber,and means for utilizing the kinetic energy of the return stroke tocompress a fresh expansible charge in another chamber and to exhaust thefirst chamher, and means for utilizing the kinetic energy of theoutstroke to introduce part of an expansible charge and the kineticenergy of another outstroke, due to the elastic cushion in one expansionchamber, to intro- HERBERT ALFRED HUMPHREY.

Witnesses: v JosnPH MILLARD, WALTER I. SKEBTEN.

